{"id":1887,"date":"2022-05-02T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-02T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/?p=1887"},"modified":"2022-07-26T10:42:27","modified_gmt":"2022-07-26T14:42:27","slug":"anemia-infecciosa-del-salmon-isa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/?p=1887","title":{"rendered":"Anemia Infecciosa del Salm\u00f3n (ISA)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La anemia infecciosa del salm\u00f3n (ISA) es una enfermedad causada por el virus de la anemia infecciosa del salm\u00f3n (ISAV), perteneciente al g\u00e9nero Isavirus, familia Orthomyxoviridae que afecta principalmente al salm\u00f3n del Atl\u00e1ntico (Salmo salar) de piscicultura marina. Registrado por primera vez en 1984 en Noruega, todav\u00eda causa brotes epid\u00e9micos recurrentes en Chile. La enfermedad est\u00e1 presente en la mayor\u00eda de los pa\u00edses que cultivan salm\u00f3n del Atl\u00e1ntico: Noruega, Escocia, Irlanda, Islas Feroe, Canad\u00e1, Estados Unidos y Chile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El virus se encuentra adaptado a los peces salm\u00f3nidos de agua fr\u00eda y tiene un crecimiento \u00f3ptimo a 15 \u00b0C.&nbsp; El salm\u00f3n del Atl\u00e1ntico es la \u00fanica especie conocida que desarrolla enfermedades cl\u00ednicas, pero ISAV puede replicarse en trucha de mar (Salmo trutta) y trucha arco\u00edris (Oncorhynchus mykiss).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un brote de ISAV se desarrolla lentamente, pero la mayor\u00eda de los peces de una poblaci\u00f3n infectada pueden sucumbir durante el ciclo de producci\u00f3n; la mortalidad durante un brote puede variar significativamente. La mortalidad diaria oscila entre el 0,05% y el 0,1%, aunque la mortalidad acumulada puede alcanzar el 90% durante per\u00edodos prolongados. Los brotes en el salm\u00f3n del Atl\u00e1ntico ocurren principalmente en agua de mar, pero se han reportado enfermedades cl\u00ednicas y mortalidad en agua dulce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Es una enfermedad contagiosa que puede mantener la inactividad fuera del hu\u00e9sped durante largos per\u00edodos y puede propagarse por agua. El virus puede propagarse en el agua a trav\u00e9s de mucus,&nbsp; piel, heces, orina, sangre y por medio de los desechos de peces muertos. La diseminaci\u00f3n del virus de peces infectados puede ocurrir a trav\u00e9s de secreciones o excreciones naturales. La enfermedad puede propagarse a otras granjas, utilizando rutas como la transmisi\u00f3n pasiva en el agua o a trav\u00e9s de equipos contaminados, tr\u00e1fico de barcos o el movimiento de peces. La proximidad a centros con brotes de ISAV es un riesgo de importancia primordial, y el riesgo aumenta cuanto m\u00e1s cerca est\u00e1 una granja susceptible de una granja infectada. El virus se une a las membranas de los gl\u00f3bulos rojos, por lo que controlar la propagaci\u00f3n de la infecci\u00f3n limitando el contacto o desinfectando el agua de sangre o el efluente de las plantas de procesamiento de pescado es de vital importancia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Las branquias y la piel son los portales m\u00e1s probables de entrada a los peces, aunque no se puede excluir la infecci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s del intestino. Los individuos pueden albergar el virus durante varias semanas antes del desarrollo de la enfermedad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La enfermedad se presenta como una condici\u00f3n sist\u00e9mica caracterizada principalmente por anemia severa y hemorragia, con necrosis en varios \u00f3rganos, pero notablemente en el h\u00edgado. Los peces se demuestran let\u00e1rgicos, pueden mostrar un comportamiento anormal de nado y pueden hundirse en el fondo de la jaula o mantenerse cerca de la pared del corral de la red. Los signos externos incluyen branquias p\u00e1lidas, abdomen distendido, petequia en la c\u00e1mara ocular, exoftalm\u00eda, edema de bolsillo de escamas y hemorragias cut\u00e1neas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los hallazgos post mortem macrosc\u00f3picos son principalmente anemia y trastornos circulatorios en varios \u00f3rganos, como h\u00edgado, ri\u00f1\u00f3n, branquias e intestino. En general, los peces se observan sin alimento en el tracto digestivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los cambios com\u00fanmente observados en un brote de ISA incluyen un h\u00edgado congestionado irregular, bazo y ri\u00f1\u00f3n de color rojo oscuro hinchados, congesti\u00f3n del intestino, hemorragias petequiales del m\u00fasculo esquel\u00e9tico, grasa peripil\u00f3rica y peritoneo, y l\u00edquido te\u00f1ido de sangre o amarillo en las cavidades peritoneal y peric\u00e1rdica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-1-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-1-OK-1024x817.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1889\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-1-OK-1024x817.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-1-OK-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-1-OK-768x613.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-1-OK-1536x1225.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-1-OK.png 1956w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 1.<em> Salmo salar <\/em>con ISA. <\/strong> Peces moribundos que presentan un comportamiento anormal de nataci\u00f3n.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-2-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-2--1024x438.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1915\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-2--1024x438.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-2--300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-2--768x328.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-2--1536x657.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-2-.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 2. <em>Salmo salar<\/em> con ISA.<\/strong> Hemorragias cut\u00e1neas. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"622\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-3-1024x622.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-3-1024x622.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-3-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-3-768x466.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-3-1536x932.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-3.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 3. <em>Salmo salar<\/em> con ISA.<\/strong> Ictericia severa. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-4-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-4-OK-1024x817.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1892\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-4-OK-1024x817.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-4-OK-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-4-OK-768x613.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-4-OK-1536x1225.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-4-OK.png 1956w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 4. <em>Salmo salar <\/em>con ISA.<\/strong> Hemorragia en la base de la aleta. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-5-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-5-OK-1024x817.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1893\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-5-OK-1024x817.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-5-OK-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-5-OK-768x613.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-5-OK-1536x1225.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-5-OK.png 1956w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 5. <em>Salmo salar<\/em> con ISA.<\/strong>  Petequias en c\u00e1mara ocular. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-6-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"766\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-6-OK-1024x766.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1894\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-6-OK-1024x766.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-6-OK-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-6-OK-768x575.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-6-OK-1536x1149.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-6-OK.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 6. <em>Salmo salar<\/em> con ISA.<\/strong> Se observa exoftalm\u00eda y branquias p\u00e1lidas. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-7-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-7-OK-1024x817.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1895\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-7-OK-1024x817.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-7-OK-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-7-OK-768x613.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-7-OK-1536x1225.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-7-OK.png 1956w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 7. <em>Salmo salar <\/em>con ISA. <\/strong>L\u00edquido sanguinolento en cavidad peritoneal. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-8-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1919\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-8-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-8-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-8-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-8-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-8.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 8. <em>Salmo salar<\/em> con ISA. <\/strong> Se observa un h\u00edgado oscuro hemorr\u00e1gico y petequias en grasa peripil\u00f3rica.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-9-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-9-OK-1024x817.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1897\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-9-OK-1024x817.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-9-OK-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-9-OK-768x613.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-9-OK-1536x1225.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-9-OK.png 1956w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 9. <em>Salmo salar <\/em>con ISA. <\/strong>H\u00edgado oscuro causado por hemorragias difusas severas. Imagen cortes\u00eda de Marcelo Vera G. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-10-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-10-OK-1024x593.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1898\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-10-OK-1024x593.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-10-OK-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-10-OK-768x445.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-10-OK-1536x890.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-10-OK.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 10. <em>Salmo salar<\/em> con ISA.<\/strong> H\u00edgado hemorr\u00e1gico oscuro y hemorragia petequial en grasa peripil\u00f3rica. Imagen cortes\u00eda de Cristi\u00e1n Sauterel R. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-11-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-11-OK-1024x817.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1899\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-11-OK-1024x817.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-11-OK-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-11-OK-768x613.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-11-OK-1536x1225.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-11-OK.png 1956w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 11.<em> Salmo salar <\/em>con ISA.<\/strong> H\u00edgado hemorr\u00e1gico oscuro. Imagen cortes\u00eda de Cristi\u00e1n Sauterel R.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-12.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-12-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1921\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-12-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-12-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-12-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-12-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Fig-12.png 1632w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 12. <em>Salmo salar<\/em> con ISA.<\/strong>  Ciegos pil\u00f3ricos hemorr\u00e1gicos y hemorragia petequial en grasa peripil\u00f3rica. Imagen cortes\u00eda de Jaime Santana.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-13-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-13-OK-1024x516.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1901\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-13-OK-1024x516.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-13-OK-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-13-OK-768x387.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-13-OK-1536x774.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-13-OK.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 13. <em>Salmo salar<\/em> con ISA.<\/strong> Grasa peripil\u00f3rica con hemorragia petequial. Imagen cortes\u00eda de Cristi\u00e1n Sauterel R.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-14-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-14-OK-1024x817.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1902\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-14-OK-1024x817.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-14-OK-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-14-OK-768x613.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-14-OK-1536x1225.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-14-OK.png 1956w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 14. <em>Salmo salar <\/em>con ISA. <\/strong>Mucosa g\u00e1strica levemente congestiva. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-15-OK-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"817\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-15-OK-1-817x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1906\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-15-OK-1-817x1024.png 817w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-15-OK-1-239x300.png 239w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-15-OK-1-768x963.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-15-OK-1-1225x1536.png 1225w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Figure-15-OK-1.png 1560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 817px) 100vw, 817px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 15. <em>Salmo salar<\/em> con ISA.<\/strong> Enteritis e intestino hemorr\u00e1gico.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-16-OK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"519\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-16-OK-1024x519.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1917\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-16-OK-1024x519.png 1024w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-16-OK-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-16-OK-768x389.png 768w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-16-OK-1536x778.png 1536w, https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/F-16-OK.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figura 16. <em>Salmo salar<\/em> con ISA.<\/strong> Hemorragia petequial en grasa peripil\u00f3rica e h\u00edgado hemorr\u00e1gico oscuro. Imagen cortes\u00eda de Jaime Santana.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Referencias<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AAMELFOT M., DALE O.B., WELI S., KOPPANG E.O. &amp; FALK K. (2012). Expression of 4-O-acetylated sialic acids on Atlantic salmon endothelial cells correlates with cell tropism of Infectious salmon anemia virus. J. Virol., 86, 10571\u201310578.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ALDRIN M., LYNGSTAD T.M., KRISTOFFERSEN A.B., STORVIK B., BORGAN O. &amp; JANSEN P.A. (2011). Modelling the spread of infectious salmon anaemia among salmon farms based on seaway distances between farms and genetic relationships between infectious salmon anaemia virus isolates. J.R. Soc. Interface, 8, 1346\u20131356.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DANNEVIG B H., MJAALAND S. &amp; RIMSTAD E. (2008). Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus. Encyclopedia of Virology (Third Edition), 89-95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>KIBENGE F.S.B., GODOY M.G., WANG Y., KIBENGE M.J.T., GHERARDELLI V., MANSILLA S., LISPERGER A., JARPA M., LARROQUETE G., AVENDA\u00d1O F., LARA M. &amp; GALLARDO A. (2009). Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) isolated from the ISA disease outbreaks in Chile diverged from ISAV isolates from Norway around 1996 and was disseminated around 2005, based on surface glycoprotein gene sequences. Virol. J., 6, 88.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LEONG J C. (2008). Fish Viruses. Encyclopedia of Virology (Third Edition), 227-234.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NYLUND A., PLARRE H., KARLSEN M., FRIDELL F., OTTEM K.F., BRATLAND A., &amp; SAETHER P.A. (2007). Transmission of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in farmed populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Arch. Virol., 152, 151\u2013179.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES (OIE) (2019). Manual of Diagnosis Tests for Aquatic Animals. Infection with HPR-deleted or HPR0 Infectious Salmon Anemia, 1-16.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RIMSTAD E., DALE O.B., DANNEVIG B.H. &amp; FALK K. (2011). Infectious Salmon Anaemia. In: Fish Diseases and Disorders, Volume 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections, Woo P.T.K. &amp; Bruno D., eds. CAB International, Oxfordshire, UK, 143\u2013165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>THORUD K.E. &amp; DJUPVIK H.O. (1988). Infectious salmon anaemia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol., 8, 109\u2013111.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VIKE S., NYLUND A. &amp; NYLUND A. (2008). ISA virus in Chile: evidence of vertical transmission. Arch. Virol., 154, 1-8.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La anemia infecciosa del salm\u00f3n (ISA) es una enfermedad causada por el virus de la anemia infecciosa del salm\u00f3n (ISAV), perteneciente al g\u00e9nero Isavirus, familia Orthomyxoviridae que afecta principalmente al salm\u00f3n del Atl\u00e1ntico (Salmo salar) de piscicultura marina. Registrado por primera vez en 1984 en Noruega, todav\u00eda causa brotes epid\u00e9micos recurrentes en Chile. La enfermedad est\u00e1 presente en la mayor\u00eda de los pa\u00edses que cultivan salm\u00f3n del Atl\u00e1ntico: Noruega, Escocia, Irlanda, Islas Feroe, Canad\u00e1, Estados Unidos y Chile. El virus se encuentra adaptado a los...","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1899,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,3,45],"tags":[245,293,294,54,302,291,292,295,300,299,255,298,112,301,222,297,43,296],"class_list":["post-1887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higado","category-multisistemico","category-sistema-gastrointestinal","tag-anemia","tag-anemia-infecciosa","tag-anemia-infecciosa-del-salmon","tag-hemorragia","tag-higado-oscuro","tag-isa-virus","tag-isav","tag-isavirus","tag-mortalidad-isa","tag-oncorhyncus-mykiss","tag-petequias","tag-salmo-trutta","tag-salmon-atlantico","tag-sistemico","tag-trucha-arcoiris","tag-trucha-de-mar","tag-virus","tag-virus-de-la-anemia-infecciosa-del-salmon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1887","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1887"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1887\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1929,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1887\/revisions\/1929"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1899"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1887"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1887"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1887"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}