{"id":796,"date":"2018-09-12T19:40:38","date_gmt":"2018-09-12T19:40:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spanish\/?p=796"},"modified":"2020-02-01T20:18:43","modified_gmt":"2020-02-01T23:18:43","slug":"pseudochattonella-cf-verruculosa-fitoflagelado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/?p=796","title":{"rendered":"Pseudochattonella cf. verruculosa &#8211; Fitoflagelado"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Pseudochattonella cf.\nverruculosa<\/em> es un fitoflagelado, clase Dictyochophyceae que posee\nabundantes cloroplastos de color dorado. Presenta dos flagelos, uno de los\ncuales, est\u00e1 dirigido hacia adelante y tiene la capacidad de permitir el\ndesplazamiento celular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El tama\u00f1o de la c\u00e9lula var\u00eda entre 12-45 micras dependiendo de la etapa del ciclo de vida en el que se encuentre. En su superficie, la c\u00e9lula est\u00e1 cubierta por estructuras especializadas que asemejan a papilas o verrugas, de ah\u00ed el nombre \u201cverruculosa\u201d. Estas estructuras son mucocistos a trav\u00e9s de los cuales descarga mucus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se distribuye en masas de agua que fluct\u00faan entre 10 \u2013 18 <sup>o<\/sup>C, salinidades entre 11-32 ppm y concentraciones de nitrato relativamente altas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/pseudochatonella.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/pseudochatonella.png\" alt=\"Figura 1. Branquia, aneurismas lamelares multifocales severor, frotis fresco.\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Figura 1. Branquia, aneurismas lamelares multifocales severor, frotis fresco.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Respecto a su distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica se ha reportado en Alemania, Dinamarca, Suecia, Noruega, Jap\u00f3n y sur de Chile. A principios de 2016, altas y persistentes densidades de <em>Pseudochattonella cf. verruculosa<\/em> y <em>A. catenella<\/em> fueron detectadas en los ecosistemas estuarinos y marinos del sur de Chile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El mecanismo de toxicidad a\u00fan se desconoce, pero el modo de acci\u00f3n m\u00e1s com\u00fan es la irritaci\u00f3n aguda y da\u00f1o &nbsp;de las branquias, lo que reduce la eficiencia del intercambio de gases. El estr\u00e9s osm\u00f3tico puede ser considerado como un factor determinante pues generar\u00eda la lisis de la c\u00e9lula que acelera la mortalidad de salmones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Pseudochatonella-MACRO.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Pseudochatonella-MACRO.png\" alt=\"Figura 2. Pseudochattonella cf. verruculosa.\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Figura 2. <em>Pseudochattonella cf. verruculosa.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br><br><br>El umbral de toxicidad para <em>Pseudochattonella\ncf. verruculosa<\/em>, se localiza bajo 1 c\u00e9lula\/mL, sin embargo, a una\ntemperatura del agua de 11\u00baC, este umbral se incrementa significativamente\nhasta alcanzar el valor de 2150 c\u00e9lulas\/mL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los peces afectados presentan altas mortalidades, nado superficial, letargia, con presencia de petequias en superficie branquial. A nivel histol\u00f3gico se observa aneurisma lamelar,&nbsp; trombosis lamelar difusa, necrosis de epitelio lamelar e hiperplasia branquial. En h\u00edgado se observa una necrosis hep\u00e1tica multifocal, debido a la hipoxemia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br><br><br>REFERENCIAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Andersen, Nikolaj &amp; Hansen, Per &amp;\n     Engell-S\u00f8rensen, Kirsten &amp; N\u00f8rremark, LH &amp; Andersen, Per &amp;\n     Lorenzen, Ellen &amp; Lorenzen, Niels. (2015). Ichthyotoxicity of the\n     microalga Pseudochattonella farcimen under laboratory and field conditions\n     in Danish waters. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 116.\n     10.3354\/dao02916.<\/li><li>Chang, F &amp; Sutherland, Judith &amp;\n     McVeagh, Margaret &amp; Gall, Mark. (2014). Molecular phylogeny, pigment\n     composition, toxicology and life history of Pseudochattonella cf.\n     verruculosa (Class Dictyochophyceae) from Wellington Harbour, New Zealand.\n     Harmful Algae. 34. 42\u201355. 10.1016\/j.hal.2014.02.002.<\/li><li>Eckford-Soper, Lisa &amp; Daugbjerg,\n     Niels. (2016). A quantitative real\u2010time PCR assay for identification and\n     enumeration of the occasionally co\u2010occurring ichthyotoxic\n     Pseudochattonella farcimen and P. erruculosa (Dictyochophyceae) and\n     analysis of variation in gene copy numbers during the growth phase of\n     single and mixed cultures. Journal of Phycology. 52.\n     10.1111\/jpy.12389.<\/li><li>Hosoi-Tanabe, Shoko &amp;\n     Honda, Daiske &amp; Fukaya, Sachiko &amp; Otake, Isamu &amp; Inagaki, Yuji\n     &amp; Sako, Yoshihiko. (2007).\n     Proposal of Pseudochattonella verruculosa gen. nov., comb. nov.\n     (Dictyochophyceae) for a formar raphidophycean alga Chattonella\n     verruculosa, based on 18S rDNA phylogeny and ultrastructural\n     characteristics. Phycological Research. 55. 185 \u2013 192.\n     10.1111\/j.1440-1835.2007.00461.x.<\/li><li>MacKenzie, L.A., Smith, K.F., Rhodes,\n     L.L., Brown, A., Langi, V., Edgar, M., Lovell, G., Preece, M., 2011.\n     Mortalities of sea cage salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus\n     tshawytscha<\/em>) due to a bloom of <em>Pseudochattonella verruculosa <\/em>(Dicyochophyceae) in\n     Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zeland, harmful Algae 11, 45-53.<\/li><li>Montes, R. M., Rojas, X.,\n     Artacho, P., Tello, A., &amp; Qui\u00f1ones, R. A. (2018). Quantifying harmful algal bloom thresholds\n     for farmed salmon in southern Chile, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/journal\/15689883\/77\/supp\/C\">Volume 77<\/a>, Pages 55-65.<\/li><li>Villanueva, Fabiola &amp;\n     Urrutia, Geysi &amp; Uribe, Claudia &amp; Seguel, Miriam &amp; Aguilera\n     B., Alejandra &amp; Olivares, Bian &amp; Varela, Daniel &amp; Paredes,\n     Javier. (2016). Harmful\n     Algal Bloom of Pseudochattonella verruculosa (Dictyochophyceae,\n     Florenciellales) associated with salmon farm mortalities in the South of\n     Chile.. 10.13140\/RG.2.2.19377.38242.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pseudochattonella cf. verruculosa es un fitoflagelado, clase Dictyochophyceae que posee abundantes cloroplastos de color dorado. Presenta dos flagelos, uno de los cuales, est\u00e1 dirigido hacia adelante y tiene la capacidad de permitir el desplazamiento celular. El tama\u00f1o de la c\u00e9lula var\u00eda entre 12-45 micras dependiendo de la etapa del ciclo de vida en el que se encuentre. En su superficie, la c\u00e9lula est\u00e1 cubierta por estructuras especializadas que asemejan a papilas o verrugas, de ah\u00ed el nombre \u201cverruculosa\u201d. Estas estructuras son mucocistos a trav\u00e9s de...","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":978,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[8,12,13,19,41],"class_list":["post-796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-branquias-y-pseudobranquias","tag-branquia","tag-fans","tag-fitoflagelado","tag-hiperplasia","tag-telangiectasia-lamelar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=796"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1677,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796\/revisions\/1677"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishhistopathology.com\/spa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}