Categoría: Cardiovascular System

Cardiomyopathy syndrome in Atlantic salmon (CMS) – Histopathology

Cardiovascular System
by Hugh Ferguson
CMS in ventricle of Atlantic salmon showing severe myocarditis of spongy layer. Note that the compact layer (on the left) is largely unaffected.

Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) is a severe cardiac disease affecting Atlantic salmon characterized by prolonged periods of usually low-level mortalities. The disease was first recognized in farmed Atlantic salmon in Norway in 1985 and subsequently in farmed salmon in the Faroe Islands, Scotland and Ireland. CMS is a transmissible disease that has been causally linked to the Piscine Myocarditis Virus (PMCV), closely allied to the Totiviridae. CMS usually causes mortality in adult or maturing fish after 12 to 18 months in seawater, resulting in substantial economic...

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Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) – Gross Pathology

Cardiovascular System
by Hugh Ferguson
Figure 2. Salmon with CMS. Necrosis in the atrium of this fish has been so severe that it has ruptured. Note that the ventricle appears normal, due only to the fact that the compact layer remains largely unaffected.

Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS), is a severe heart disease of Atlantic salmon.  This transmissible condition has been diagnosed in several countries, especially Norway, where it was first reported, but also Scotland, Ireland and the Faroes. It is causally linked to the Piscine Myocarditis Virus (PMCV), closely allied to the Totiviridae. Typically, CMS occurs in the biggest, fastest-growing fish that never go off their feed – indeed their stomach is usually full of pellets when they suddenly die! Brood stock are also susceptible. This disease has an...

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Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) – Histopathology

Cardiovascular System, Musculoskeletal System
by Carlos Sandoval
Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI)

Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is an emerging disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L), first recognized in 1999 in Norway, and later also reported in Scotland, Chile and Canada. HSMI is transmissible and, the weight of recent evidence supports the contention that the cause is an Orthoreovirus with the proposed name Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV). This virus has not yet been cultured in vitro, thereby hampering traditional experimental reproduction of the disease. As the name of the disease suggests, major changes in HSMI...

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PRV – Atlantic salmon – IHC

Cardiovascular System, Musculoskeletal System
by Carlos Sandoval
Atlantic salmon, Piscine orthoreovirus in endothelial cells, Heart, IHC.

Piscine Orthoreovirus, is a segmented virus, non-enveloped RNA, 60 – 80 µm, with icosahedral shape, belonging to the family Reoviridae, subfamily Spinareovirinae and is the aetiological agent of Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI). The HSMI disease is diagnosed by the occurrence of histopathologic lesions in the heart and skeletal muscle; moderate to severe panmyocarditis (inflammation in the compact and spongy layers of the myocardium); and myocardial degeneration and necrosis. The skeletal muscle also shows moderate to severe myodegeneration and necrosis, especially of the red...

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